Lesson XIX Canadian English

Canadian English (CanE, CE, en-CA) is the variety of English spoken in Canada. English is the first language, or "mother tongue", of approximately 24 million Canadians (77%), and more than 28 million (86%) are fluent in the language. 82% of Canadians outside Quebec speak English natively, but within Quebec the figure drops to just 7.7%, as most residents are native speakers of Quebec French.

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Canadian English contains elements of British English and American English in its vocabulary, as well as many distinctive Canadianisms. In many areas, speech is influenced by French. There are notable local variations. The phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon for most of Canada are similar to that of the Western and Midland regions of the United States.
 The Canadian Great Lakes region has similarities to that of the Upper Midwest & Great Lakes region and/or Yooper dialect (in particular Michigan which has extensive cultural and economic ties with Ontario), while the phonological system of western and central Canadian English is similar in some aspects to that of the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

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The intonation and pronunciation of some vowel sounds have similarities to the dialects of Scotland and to accents in Northern England such as Geordie, for example the raising to "about" to sound roughly like "aboot" or "aboat", is also heard in Scotland and the Tyneside area of England.[citation needed]

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Canadian English and American English are sometimes classified together as North American English, emphasizing the fact that many outsiders from English-speaking countries cannot distinguish Canadian English from American English by sound. Canadian English spelling is largely a blend of British and American conventions.

Lesson XVIII Hinglish

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Hinglish (the name is a portmanteau of "Hindi" and "English") is a macaronic language, a hybrid of English and South Asian languages – it is a code-switching variety of these languages whereby they are freely interchanged within a sentence or between sentences. While the name is based on the Hindi language, it does not refer exclusively to Hindi, but "is used in India, with English words blending with Punjabi, and Hindi, and also within British Asian families to enliven standard English." Some examples of Hinglish vocabulary are:

airdash: going somewhere in a hurry

stadium: a bald man with a fringe of hair



pre-pone: the opposite of postpone, to bring something forward in time



co-brother: brother-in-law

Eve teasing: street sexual harassment

glassy: wanting a drink

timepass: a distraction to pass the time

badmash: hooligan

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This is more commonly seen in urban and semi-urban centers of the Hindi-speaking states of India,[4] but is slowly spreading into rural and remote areas of these states via television, mobile phones and word of mouth, slowly achieving vernacular status.[citation needed] Many speakers do not realize that they are incorporating English words into Hindi sentences or Hindi words into English sentences.[citation needed] David Crystal, a British linguist at the University of Wales, projected in 2004 that at about 350 million, the world's Hinglish speakers may soon outnumber native English speakers.

Columnist Karan Kumawat was the first author to use Hinglish in her work.[6] Author Shobhaa De then began to use Hinglish elements in her books and columns in the Indian magazine Stardust.[6] Other authors who have used Hinglish extensively in their novels are Salman Rushdie and Upamanyu Chatterjee.

Over the years, Hinglish has been effectively used in Indian advertising in advertising slogans, like Pepsi's 1998 slogan Yeh Dil Maange More! (This heart desires more!), Yehi hai right choice, Baby (This is the Right Choice, Baby), Yeh Hai Youngistaan.

In 2003, a trend of Hinglish pop songs was popularized by DJ Aqeel whose Tu Hai Wohi became a success. Other Hinglish songs soon followed like "Chadti Jawani Meri Chaal Mastani" by Harry Anand which samples the "The Ketchup Song" and Kaanta Laga by DJ Doll.

In 2005, Baljinder Kaur Mahal (pen name BK Mahal) wrote a book called The Queen's Hinglish: How to Speak Pukkapublished by Collins.

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Hinglish is also affecting the English spoken in England, with the adaptation of words and expressions used by Indian immigrants and their offspring into colloquial English in England.

A dictionary for Hinglish has also been published.

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Hinglish is also the way English is pronounced by people speaking Hindi. Example of Hinglish: 'juoloji' for zoology, 'pphunny' for funny, 'pphor' for four/for, 'joo' for zoo, 'iskool' for school, 'ispade' for spade and other twin consonants starting with the letter 's' at the beginning of a word, 'iskander' for Alexander.

Lesson XVII Australian English

HI!

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As I said before besides English, which we are trying to learn there is even more than one English in use on the whole world. Bellow I will present one of them:

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Australian English (AusE, AuE, AusEng, en-AU) is a major variety of the English language and is used throughout Australia. Although English has no official status in the Constitution, Australian English is Australia's de facto official language and is the first language of the majority of the population.

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Australian English started diverging from British English after the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788 and was recognised as being different from British English by 1820, arising from the intermingling of early settlers from a great variety of mutually intelligible dialectal regions of the British Isles and quickly developed into a distinct variety of English.
Australian English differs from other varieties of English in vocabulary, accent, pronunciation, register, grammar and spelling.

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